In general, eliminating or reducing the risk factors is the best way to prevent the development of oral cancer. Tobacco and alcohol are the highest risk factors for these cancers. An individual can greatly reduce the risk by not smoking and limiting alcohol intake.

In addition, people who have been diagnosed and treated for oral cancers have an increased risk for developing another cancer in the surrounding areas. The most common sites for the second cancer are in the head and neck, esophagus or lungs. For people who smoke and drink, the risk is even higher. Studies by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) have shown that individuals who continue to smoke and/or drink increase their chances of developing a second cancer for up to 20 years after the original cancer.

Other steps that can be taken to help prevent oral cancer include:

• Well-fitting dentures and good oral hygiene. If dentures are worn, they should fit properly. Gaps can allow particles of food and tobacco to be trapped against the gums. Dentures should be cleaned and rinsed regularly. If dentures are not worn, care should be taken to maintain clean teeth and healthy gums.
  
  
• Limit sun exposure. Ultraviolet light damages the tissues of the lips and increases the risk of oral cancer. Care should be taken to wear sunscreen and protect the face and lips from prolonged sun exposure.
  
  
• Periodic checkups of tongue and mouth. Individuals, especially those who smoke and drink alcohol, should regularly check the tissues of their tongue and mouth. They should look for changes in color, bumps, tender spots or lumps. If any changes are noted, they should notify a dentist or physician immediately. Mouth and lip cancers can be successfully treated, but success depends on early detection. In addition, regularly scheduled dental examinations should include inspection and palpation (feeling with the fingers) of the mouth, throat and tongue by the dentist.
  
  
• Healthy diet. Poor nutrition has been linked to oral cancer. A nutritious diet high in fruits and vegetables can supply valuable antioxidants.  Also, oral cancer patients who have chewing and swallowing problems must carefully monitor their nutritional status and use nutritional supplements when necessary.

Individuals who have had some form of oral cancer must closely monitor themselves for any changes in their general health. They should contact their physicians if they develop any signs and symptoms that might indicate the cancer has developed in another areas or returned to the original site. To help prevent a recurrence of cancer, regular examinations by healthcare professionals are recommended.