Test Your Knowledge

Osteoarthritis (OA), also known as degenerative joint disease, is a gradual breakdown of cartilage in joints. This chronic condition can cause pain and impair movement, especially in the elderly population. Many people consider OA a natural part of aging. It usually occurs in the knees, hips, back, hands and feet. It may be limited to one joint, but can affect several joints throughout the body.

There are many forms of arthritis, diseases that affect the joints, but OA is the most common. It affects nearly 21 million Americans, according to the National Institutes of Health. Most of these people are over age 55, and the condition affects more women than men. Some individuals may experience only aching knees. Others are disabled by the condition, unable to walk or climb stairs without help.

The cause of OA is unknown. However, certain risk factors such as age and excess weight appear to contribute to the development of the disease. OA may also be linked to injury, stress on the joints, muscle weakness and heredity.

Pain, stiffness and reduced joint movement are the most common symptoms of OA. It often begins in one joint and may progress to additional joints over time.  A physical examination for OA, often conducted by a rheumatologist (physician who specializes in arthritis and inflammatory diseases), includes detailed descriptions of the pain and its affect on the function of the body.  Physicians frequently use imaging tests, such as x-rays or CAT scans of the joints to identify changes to the cartilage and bones.

OA cannot be cured. Treatment focuses on pain relief and halting the progression of the disease. It may include analgesics, anti-inflammatories, rest, physical therapy, exercise and occupational therapy. Lifestyle changes such as weight loss and use of assistive devices may help some people. Nutritional supplements, such as glucosamine and chondroitin, are sometimes used to relieve pain. If joints are seriously degenerated and are painful, surgery to replace joints or fuse bones may be performed.

There are no proven methods to prevent OA. Practices that promote healthy joints, such as exercise and weight loss, may delay the onset or reduce the severity of the disease.