Who is at risk for ovarian cancer?

There is no way to predict who will develop ovarian cancer, but certain risk factors are associated with the disease. Ovarian cancer has a strong genetic component, and women with a first-degree relative (a sister, mother or daughter) have an increased risk of developing the disease. The likelihood of developing ovarian cancer increases with age, and most cancers occur in women over the age of 50. Women who have never had children are also in a higher risk category.

What tests can diagnose ovarian cancer?

A pelvic examination is used to determine if there is any abnormality in the size or shape of the reproductive organs, such as the ovaries, uterus or fallopian tubes. However, unless the cancer is in an advanced stage, there may be no indication of cancer in a pelvic examination. An ultrasound or a CAT scan may be used to detect any tumors. If a tumor is located, a biopsy will be performed to determine if the tissue is cancerous. A biopsy is the only definitive way to diagnose cancer.

What is a CA-125 test?

CA-125 is a protein commonly found in elevated levels in women who have ovarian cancer. The value of this test in diagnosing ovarian cancer is limited, however, as conditions other than cancer can cause elevated CA-125. Also, some ovarian cancers do not produce enough of the protein to register a positive result. Women who are at high risk for ovarian cancer may receive CA-125 tests regularly. The test is also used after women are diagnosed to monitor their response to treatment and for disease recurrence.