There are many myths about electrical devices that could interfere with pacemaker operation. Home security systems, for example, do not pose a significant risk to people with pacemakers (although patients who are concerned can contact the system manufacturer for further reassurance). Furthermore, most common household appliances in good repair such as microwaves, cordless phones, electric blankets, electric shavers, CB and HAM radios, heating pads, televisions and remote controls, computers, and hair dryers do not pose a significant risk to pacemaker operation. While some of these devices have been found to cause interference with an occasional single beat, they have not been found to change or inhibit pacing rates. Patients should discuss their concerns regarding these or other devices with their physicians. It is also vital that patients inform their health care providers about their pacemaker before any medical or dental procedure is done.
Although newer pacemakers have better insulation that makes them less susceptible to interference, some devices can still affect pacemaker operation. While this interference is rarely life threatening, caution is recommended around:
Metal detectors. In airports, courthouses or other high-security areas, patients should present their identification card and request to be hand-searched. They should not walk through the metal detector or allow a hand-held wand to be waved over the chest area because it could temporarily interfere with the function of the pacemaker. Metal detectors are also used as security devices in retail stores and are sometimes not visible near doorways. While reports of problems from these devices are rare, the Food and Drug Administration recommends that individuals with pacemakers avoid leaning against or lingering near store security gates or entrances.
Cellular phones. When held near the ear, cell phones rarely cause interference with pacemakers. In a recent study, however, the phones did interfere with about 13 percent of patients when placed directly over the pacemaker implantation site. Interference varies depending on the model types of both the pacemaker and the cell phone. The risk of interference is greater with digital cell phones and dual-chamber pacemakers. To avoid interference, patients should hold the cell phone at least 6 inches from the pacemaker generator at all times, even when the phone is turned off. It is advisable to use a cell phone with the ear on the side of the body opposite to the pacemaker.
Magnetic resonance imaging test (MRI). The magnetic fields and radio fields generated during this diagnostic test may significantly affect pacemaker function. One recent study, conducted by researchers at Johns Hopkins, found that MRIs actually have little effect on pacemakers. However, most organizations are still recommending that patients avoid these tests and the machines that perform them.
Strong electrical fields. Patients should avoid any areas or equipment that generate strong electrical fields. These include (but are not limited to) amusement park rides and attractions, power plants, junkyards that use large magnets, stereo speakers (when held close to the pacemaker) or poorly shielded car engines. Patients should also never work on automobile engines when they are running. Patients should discuss their concerns regarding these or other devices with their physicians.
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