Paranoia is a term used to describe feelings of suspicion or mistrust that are out of proportion to any threat posed to an individual. In some cases, no actual threat may exist, but the patient nonetheless imagines unseen dangers. People who are paranoid may have an exaggerated sense of self-importance and believe that others are persecuting them.

Occasional feelings of suspicion are not indicative of paranoia. Suspicion is sometimes justified based on previous experiences or on information learned from the experiences of others. Isolation or cultural differences may produce miscommunication that leads to suspicion. However, paranoia takes these feelings a step further as it involves suspicion that is either highly exaggerated or not warranted. For example, patients may believe that coworkers are plotting against them.

Beliefs and actions commonly associated with paranoia include:

• Argumentative disposition
  
• Difficulty forgiving others
  
• Defensiveness when encountering what is perceived as criticism
  
• Fear of being manipulated or deceived
  
• Feelings of mistrust
  
• Inability to relax
  
• Perfectionism
  
• Preoccupation with others’ hidden motives
  
• Self-righteousness
  
• Being easily offended

Though many people may demonstrate these beliefs and actions, one is only considered paranoid if the beliefs and actions impair their ability to function.