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Treatment for periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD) is typically not necessary unless the patient experiences severe insomnia or daytime sleepiness. When needed, treatment focuses on reducing the patient’s symptoms. However, there is no cure for the disorder.

Medications used to treat PLMD include dopaminergics (drugs that help to increase dopamine levels in the brain), sedatives and anticonvulsants. These medications may allow normal sleep, but must be used regularly for relief.

Because the causes of PLMD are largely unknown, it is not always possible to prevent the disorder. Certain behavioral changes may help reduce the occurrences of PLMD. Patients may wish to keep a daily log of diet, habits or activities, which may help identify those factors that appear to exacerbate a patient’s PLMD.

Proper sleep hygiene may help prevent or reduce the occurrence of PLMD attacks. Sleep hygiene is behavior that promotes sleep. For example, reducing caffeine consumption (e.g., from chocolate, coffee, tea and soft drinks) may help reduce PLMD occurrence. In addition, the patient’s ability to sleep may be improved by avoiding alcohol, tobacco, naps and strenuous exercise.

If possible, patients with PLMD should avoid certain medications (e.g., tricyclic antidepressants) that may make the disorder worse. However, patients are encouraged to consult their doctor before discontinuing any of their medications. A physician can help a patient determine whether the benefits of drugs such as antidepressants outweigh the risks.