Periodontal disease is sometimes called a "silent threat" to oral health because there may be no visible symptoms, yet harmful bacteria are growing in tiny crevices in the mouth. Healthy gums are pink and fit snugly against the teeth.

The general symptoms of periodontal problems are:

• Swollen, red or sensitive gums
• Gum pain
• Gums that bleed when brushing or flossing teeth
• Bad breath (halitosis) that does not go away after brushing and/or use of mouthwash
• A bad taste in the mouth
• An abscess or pus on the gums, indicating infection
• Receding gums, making the teeth look longer
• Pockets or spaces between the teeth and gums
• Loose or shifting teeth
• Patchy or peeling gums

Severe cases of periodontitis may have black or gray gums indicating death of gum tissue (necrosis).