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Pressure Ulcer

Also called: Decubitus Ulcer, Pressure Sore, Bed Sore

- Summary
- About pressure ulcers
- Risk factors and causes
- Diagnosis and treatment
- Prevention methods
- Questions for your doctor

Reviewed By:
Mary Ellen Luchetti, M.D., AAD
Rana Rofagha Sajjadian, M.D., AAD
Kimberly Bazar, M.D., AAD

Summary

A pressure ulcer is an area of skin and tissue damaged by prolonged pressure that cuts off oxygen and nutrients. Depriving oxygen and nutrients from specific areas can cause the death of skin and, eventually, the underlying tissues.

Not all ulcers are pressure ulcers. An ulcer is any open sore or break in the skin that extends beyond the top layer of skin (epidermis) and is accompanied by the sloughing off of dead tissue. Friction or trauma may also result in ulcers by wearing away or cutting past the skin.

Foot Ulcer

Patients who have limited mobility, such as those confined to wheelchairs, and are confined to bed for long periods of time are at risk of developing pressure ulcers. Although pressure ulcers can occur in anyone with limited mobility, paralyzed and comatose people are at higher risk because they are unable to shift and move, which relieves the pressure and restores circulation. People with certain medical conditions, such as diabetes, are also more likely to develop pressure ulcers.

Pressure ulcers are usually painful and may be itchy. They are easily infected, resulting in thick pus, a foul odor, warmth, redness and swelling around the sore. The infection may spread to the underlying muscle and even the bone, leading to serious medical problems.

Pressure ulcers are generally treated by keeping sores clean, covered and free of dead tissue. When infection occurs, antibiotics are used. Severe pressure ulcers, however, may require surgical treatment.

Most pressure ulcers can be prevented. Daily skin inspection and proper hygiene are important, as are properly fitting clothes. Proper nutrition and care of medical conditions (e.g., diabetes, high cholesterol) are also important. Other steps that aid in the prevention of pressure ulcers include regularly shifting the patient’s weight and the use of proper mattresses or cushions.

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Review Date: 08-16-2007

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