Prokinetics are medications that stimulate contractions of the stomach muscles. Although these drugs may be used to treat dyspepsia, they are primarily used to prevent episodes of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). In this condition, stomach acid can back up into the esophagus, a condition known as reflux. When reflux occurs, the esophagus can become damaged and the patient may experience a burning sensation in the chest commonly known as heartburn.

Prokinetics reduce this abdominal discomfort by tightening the valve between the stomach and the esophagus (lower esophageal sphincter). This helps prevent acid from flowing into the esophagus. These medications also help the stomach to empty faster, which further reduces the reflux of stomach acid.

Prokinetics are available in tablet, oral solution and injection form. The chief prokinetics are metoclopramide and cisapride. The medication bethanecol is also sometimes used as a prokinetic.

Although prokinetics can be effective methods of treatment, they only provide short-term symptom relief for patients. In addition, they commonly cause serious side effects that somewhat limit their usefulness. Cisapride has even been associated with triggering life-threatening heart arrhythmias (irregularities in heartbeat rhythm). As a result, this drug is not available by prescription in the United States.