Prostatectomy is surgical removal of a man’s prostate gland. It is one possible treatment for prostate cancer and other prostate conditions, such as an enlarged prostate. The operation is performed by a urologist (urologic surgeon) in either open or laparoscopic surgery.

Radical prostatectomy, which includes removal of tissues near the gland, usually cures prostate cancer if the surgery removes all the malignant cells. The incision is usually made through the lower abdomen (retropubic) but also can be made in the groin (perineal). Typically, general anesthesia is used and the patient remains in the hospital for two to four days following surgery. Full recovery may require one month or more. 

Partial prostatectomy is generally a treatment for enlargement of the prostate, which is common after age 50. It can also be used to reduce pain and ease urination in men with advanced prostate cancer.

Complications from prostatectomy are those associated with any surgery, including infection and bleeding. Other complications vary depending on the age and health of the man, type of surgery and experience of the surgeon. Two primary concerns men have about radical prostatectomy are the possibilities of impotence and incontinence. Patients can retain sexual function if nerves are not injured during the surgery. Urinary incontinence is usually temporary but bladder problems can continue for years. Radical prostatectomy does cause sterility, but there are procedures that may allow a man to father children, if desired.