Prosthetics are synthetic replacement body parts. Some are functional, and others are only for aesthetics. In many cases, prosthetics are designed for patients after a foot or leg amputation due to diabetes or a vascular disease.

Most leg prosthetics consists of the same basic components. The socket fits over the patient’s residual limb and is attached with a suspension mechanism. A rigid leg provides support and height and attaches to the flexible ankle and foot. Patients who undergo above-the-knee amputation may also have a flexible prosthetic knee as part of their device. Variations to this basic design are available to best fit the patient’s activity level and needs.

Fitting a prosthetic can be a long process that may begin before the amputation surgery. It is likely to begin with a consultation with a prosthetist, a specialist who helps fit and design prosthetics. After the amputation, patients prepare for the prosthetic through postsurgical care of their residual limb and physical therapy to build strength, balance and coordination.

When the patient is ready, the fitting process begins. First the prosthetist prepares the socket from a mold or computer scan of the patient’s residual limb. Once the socket is ready, the patient is fitted with a prototype prosthetic for testing over one or two weeks. The patient then reports any problems the device caused. The final prosthetic is built once the patient and the prosthetist are satisfied with the design.

After the prosthetic is fitted, the patient learns how to use and maintain it. Learning to walk on an artificial leg involves physical therapy and advancement through a series of mobility aides, such as a walker, crutches and a cane. The device itself requires regular maintenance.