Treatment for pruritus will vary depending on the source of the itching. Treating underlying skin diseases such as hives or eczema usually relieves any associated itch. Itchiness resulting from an internal disease may require oral medications or other therapies that treat the underlying disease, thereby eliminating the itch. In some cases, prescription medications such as oral or topical corticosteroids, antihistamines, antidepressants and tranquilizers may be used to relieve itching.

Phototherapy may also be recommended. This form of treatment, which involves controlled exposure to ultraviolet radiation, is particularly useful for pruritus associated with diabetes, liver disorders and kidney problems, as well as those without an identifiable cause.  

Regardless of the cause of pruritus, there are also several measures that may be taken to relieve symptoms. These include:

• Avoid taking hot baths or showers. Instead, bathe in tepid or lukewarm water to avoid drying out the skin.
  
  
• Limit bathing time. Showers and baths should be limited to 10 minutes or less, especially if the patient has dry skin.
  
  
• Keep cool. Wear light clothing. Try to remain in cool environments at work and at home while avoiding excessive heat and humidity.
  
  
• Wear loose-fitting clothing.
  
  
• Avoid clothing made of rough or irritating fabric (e.g., wool, linen). Instead, choose natural fabrics such as cotton and silk.
  
  
• Apply cool compresses to itchy areas.
  
  
• Use mild soaps. Perfumed soaps often cause irritation and dryness of the skin. Use soap only in areas where odor is an issue (e.g., underarms, groin). After bathing, completely rinse off the soap film, pat the skin lightly with a towel and apply moisturizing lotion or cream while the skin is still damp.
  
  
• Use home-based treatments to alleviate symptoms. Topical drying agents such as calamine lotion, or oatmeal or cornstarch baths can help treat itchy conditions where blistering or weeping of the skin is present, such as chickenpox or poison ivy. Over-the-counter oral antihistamines and corticosteroid creams can provide some relief as well. Medications should not be used without first consulting a physician. Patients may also benefit from the use of a humidifier.
  

  

• Adequate nutrition and water consumption. A healthy diet contributes to healthy skin. A diet with a balance of proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals and fluids will help maintain the skin as a protective barrier.
  
  
• Keep fingernails short to avoid damage to the skin from scratching.

It is important to seek medical treatment for pruritus that is persistent or severe. Excessive scratching or itching of the skin can result in secondary infections. In most patients, pruritus responds well to treatment.