Pubic lice (sometimes called crabs) are parasites that infest the pubic region and other areas of the human body that have coarse hair. These parasites are usually transmitted through sexual contact. Less commonly, they may be spread through nonsexual physical contact (e.g., sharing towels, clothing or a bed with an infested person).

Pubic lice or their eggs (called nits) may be found on shafts of coarse hair, or on the skin of the pubic region. Occasionally, pubic lice may be found on eyelashes, eyebrows, legs or in facial hair. The primary symptom of infestation is itchiness. Scratching often causes the affected area to become red, raw and irritated. Sometimes, skin lesions may develop.

Pubic lice are diagnosed by a visual examination of the affected area. This can be done by a physician or by the patient or friend or loved one of the patient. If inspection of the area is done at home, a magnifying glass may be necessary.

There are a variety of over-the-counter and prescription medications used to treat a pubic lice infestation. Most commonly, a special cream or shampoo is used. These medications kill the lice, but not the nits. Nits can be removed from the area using a fingernail or specially designed comb. Treatment may need to be repeated to eliminate all lice and nits from the area.

Sexual activity should not be resumed until treatment is completed. Any personal item handled by an infested person should be washed in hot water and dried for at least 20 minutes to kill any pubic lice that may remain on these items. Anyone diagnosed with or treated for pubic lice should inform all sexual partners that they have exposed to pubic lice. This helps prevent the spread of infestation.

The best way to prevent an infestation of pubic lice is to avoid sexual or other close contact with infested persons, including contact with their clothing, bedding or towels. Condoms or other methods of safe sex do not protect against the spread of pubic lice.