A dentist or dental hygienist can assess overall gum health during the recommended twice yearly dental checkup examination. However, for gum recession caused by mouth injury or trauma, immediate medical attention is often necessary.

Diagnosing the cause of gum recession usually involves a comprehensive oral evaluation to assess overall health of the oral cavity. The dentist may also complete a Periodontal Screening & Recording (PSR) examination, a quick diagnostic tool designed by the American Dental Association for early detection of periodontal disease.

The evaluations typically include the following:

• Dental history and family medical history. Provides information about the type and duration of symptoms, other systemic conditions (such as heart disease, HIV, diabetes, pregnancy), prescription drug use, oral hygiene habits and family dental history.
  
  
• X-rays. Reveal pocket formation, bone and ligament loss, tooth alignment and any root cavities. A full-mouth x-ray of all the teeth, gums and bones can be taken in the dentist’s office.
  
  
• Periodontal probe. Measures each tooth and tells the depth of dental pockets formed between the gums and teeth (sulcus). The probe is a thin measuring rod with a rounded tip and notches indicating millimeters (mm). It is placed at six points around each tooth: three on the inner (tongue) side and three on the outer (facing the cheek) side. The deeper the pocket, the more gum recession. A pocket of 1 to 3 mm is normal. Anything above that may indicate gum recession.
  
  
• Tooth movement. Indicates if there has been gum recession or bone loss. The dentist may gently shake a tooth to see if it is loose. This is done for sports injuries and accidents where teeth are partially or completely knocked out.
  
  
• Occlusion. Shows the bite alignment. Teeth that shift when gums recede may fit together differently when biting, leading to malocclusion. This can cause chewing problems.