Test Your Knowledge

Patients should take necessary precautions to reduce the symptoms of allergies and colds that increase the risk for rhinosinusitis.

During flu and cold season, several precautions can be taken to lessen the likelihood of contracting upper respiratory infections such as colds. Those with seasonal allergies should also take steps to treat or prevent their symptoms. The fewer cold and allergy symptoms that manifest, the less likely it is that congestion will develop and lead to acute allergic rhinosinusitis.

To prevent colds and allergies:

• Eat a nutritious diet, including plenty of fruits and vegetables. These are rich in antioxidants and other chemicals that can boost immune system function.
  
  
• Exercise regularly. This keeps the body primed to fight infection and reduces stress, which can leave an individual more vulnerable to sickness.
  
  
• Wash hands often, particularly after shaking hands with others.
  
  
• Get a yearly flu shot.
  
  
• Drink plenty of fluids. Eight glasses a day are recommended to keep the body hydrated, which promotes thick nasal secretions and increased drainage.
  
  
• Avoid drinks with caffeine and alcohol. These dehydrate the body, which thickens nasal mucus and makes it less likely to drain. Mucus that fails to drain is a breeding ground for viruses and bacterial infections. 
  
  
• Avoid exposure to allergens both inside the home and outside. Patients should make their home environment as allergen-free as possible, and should avoid contact with outdoor allergens to the greatest extent possible.
  
  
• Avoid tobacco smoke or polluted air. Both can trigger inflammation of the lining of the sinuses and nose.
  
  
• Install a humidifier in the home, or at least the bedroom. This keeps the air of the home moist. However, if used, the humidifier must be frequently cleaned and its use may lead to an increase in dust mites.
  
  
• Avoid blowing the nose with great force. This can push bacteria into the sinuses. Instead, patients should gently blow one nostril at a time, while blocking the other.
  
  
• Patients should avoid air travel during periods when they have rhinosinusitis. If travel must be undertaken, decongestants can reduce the pressure inside the sinuses. Do not take any medication without first consulting a physician.