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Seborrheic dermatitis is an inflammation of the upper layers of the skin that causes a scaly, itchy rash with or without reddened skin. It can appear in many regions throughout the body.

Common sites for seborrheic dermatitis include:

• Scalp
  
  
• Sides of the nose
  
  
• Eyebrows
  
  
• Eyelids
  
  
• Skin inside and behind the ears
  
  
• Middle of the chest
  
  
• Navel
  
  
• Buttocks
  
  
• Skin folds under the arms, breasts and groin

Seborrheic dermatitis occurs due to an overproduction of skin cells and sebum, the skin’s natural oil. It is a chronic (ongoing) and intermittent rash, with no cure available. However, treatments are available to control it. The condition is not contagious.

Seborrheic dermatitis differs slightly from two other conditions, seborrhea and dandruff. In seborrhea, the skin is excessively oily but does not become red or scaly. However, seborrhea can progress to seborrheic dermatitis in some cases. Dandruff features scaling of the scalp, but redness and inflammation is not present.

There are three age groups that are most susceptible to seborrheic dermatitis: infants, middle-aged adults and the elderly. When the disorder appears on the scalp in infants, it is called cradle cap. Cradle cap is considered to be a temporary condition and usually disappears on its own by ages 8 months to 1 year. However, it can appear in children up to 3 years of age. It may also return at puberty.

In some cases, infants may develop seborrheic dermatitis in the diaper area, where it may be confused with diaper rash. Seborrheic dermatitis may also appear on skin folds of infants, such as the eyelids, ears, nose, and groin.

Adults are more likely to experience seborrheic dermatitis of the face and chest. In addition, they are more likely to experience recurring episodes of seborrheic dermatitis over their lifetime. Episodes may be triggered by factors such as seasonal changes, stress or other illness.