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A physician will perform a complete physical examination and compile a thorough medical history when diagnosing seborrheic dermatitis. In most cases, it can be diagnosed based on a visual examination and patient symptoms. However, in some cases laboratory tests (e.g., skin biopsy) may be performed to rule out other conditions.

In some cases, seborrheic dermatitis gets better on its own without treatment. However, it improves faster when proper treatment is administered. The main therapy for seborrheic dermatitis is diligent and consistent shampooing of the scalp and washing of the skin. Washing is important to remove the loose scales so that the underlying skin can be treated. 

Gentle shampooing with a mild formulation can help relieve symptoms of cradle cap in infants. Mineral oil or olive oil can be applied to the infants head prior to shampooing to loosen and soften scales. In many cases, this will help clear the cradle cap.

Adult patients may need a dandruff shampoo or other medicated shampoo to treat seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp. These over-the-counter and prescription shampoos contain ingredients that counteract the buildup of skin cells. These ingredients include tar, zinc pyrithione, selenium sulfide, ketoconazole or salicylic acid.

Medications such as corticosteroids, antifungals and topical sulfur treatments are sometimes used to treat seborrheic dermatitis that affects the face or another part of the body. These drugs may also be used to treat severe cases of seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp. Tacrolimus or pimecrolimus may also be applied to skin to relieve inflammation and reduce the risk of skin atrophy (thinning) from overuse of corticosteroids.

Medication formulations are likely to be much stronger for adults than for children. In some cases, patients may also need medication to treat secondary infections associated with seborrheic dermatitis. For instance, seborrheic blepharitis (a condition in which scales accumulate at the base of the eyelashes) is often treated with a hydrocortisone ointment that is applied to the eyelashes.

Patients should not use any over-the-counter or prescription medications without first consulting a physician.

Seborrheic dermatitis cannot be prevented. However, patients can control the condition by following their physician's treatment recommendations.