Shin splints are symptoms of pain and tenderness along the front of the shin that may be accompanied by swelling and hardening of the soft tissues. It is among the most common injuries caused by running.

Shin splints are caused by repeated stress to the shin without enough time to recover. They are common among runners but also affect many other athletes who do a lot of running (e.g., basketball players, soccer players).  Usually, the athlete develops shin splints from training too hard, too fast or for too long or by suddenly increasing the intensity or duration of exercise. Foot problems (e.g., flat feet) may also contribute to shin splints.

Generally, shin splints begin with mild pain that gets worse the more the shin is stressed. If the shin is not allowed to heal, a stress fracture (a tiny crack in the bone) may result.

Shin splints can be diagnosed by taking a medical history and physical examination. A physician may order imaging tests (e.g., x-ray, bone scan, MRI) to distinguish between shin splints and a stress fracture because the two conditions may be easily confused. A stress fracture, however, is more serious and requires more rest and recovery.

A patient can usually treat shin splints at home with self-care and rest. Initial treatment typically uses R.I.C.E – Rest, Ice, Compression and Elevation. The shin is rested until the pain goes away. Patients should reduce physical activity to let the shin recover. Ice is applied and the shin is compressed with an elastic bandage or compression sleeve to reduce swelling. Finally, the shin is elevated, particularly at night. Low-impact exercise therapy (e.g., swimming, bicycling) may be recommended instead of high-impact exercises (e.g., running, basketball, soccer).

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may be used to alleviate pain. Physical therapy may help strengthen the muscles and ease the pain.  Other therapies such as massage therapy and acupuncture may also provide pain relief.