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Lifestyle changes may be one of the first steps in the treatment of skin disorders. Lifestyle changes are particularly important to individuals with diabetes as these individuals are at higher risk for these disorders. Lifestyle changes that can be used to treat and possibly prevent skin problems include:

• Glucose control. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) notes that intensive control of glucose (blood sugar) can prevent complications of diabetes and yield benefits years after the control is implemented. Good control of glucose should begin as early as possible.

• Nutritious diet. A healthy diet low in saturated fats and high in fiber can help control weight, blood pressure and cholesterol.
  
  
• Exercise. Regular physical exercise can improve circulation, enhance glycemic control and condition muscles to use oxygen more efficiently. Physical activity can also develop new blood vessels. A fitness plan approved by a physician, such as 30 minutes of exercise each day, can reduce the risk of complications associated with diabetes.
  
  
• Weight control. If an individual is overweight or obese, the chances of developing complications of diabetes increase significantly. Maintaining a healthy weight and body mass index (BMI) is important for control of diabetes and skin disorders.
  

• Quitting smoking. Nicotine has been shown to narrow the arteries and restrict the blood vessels. In addition, tobacco use has been linked to high cholesterol and damage to the artery walls. Once of the best ways to reduce complications of diabetes as well as improve glucose control is to quit smoking.

Good hygiene and proper skin care can help prevent many of the skin conditions associated with diabetes. Steps recommended by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and ADA include:

• Rinsing and drying well after washing with a mild soap.
  
  
• Avoiding very hot water and excessive bathing, which dry the skin.
  
  
• Using a moisturizer, except between the toes, where dampness can spread fungi.
  
  
• Drinking plenty of water.
  
  
• Wearing cotton underwear to allow air to circulate better around the skin.
  
  
• Inspecting the skin daily, especially the feet, for cuts, sores, redness, swelling, etc.
  
  
• Avoiding harsh antiseptics such as iodine.
  
  
• Controlling glucose to avoid dry skin, which is prone to cracking and infection.
  
  
• Informing a physician of any skin problems.

Treatment of diabetic skin disorders varies widely according to the particular condition. Often antibiotics, antifungals or other medications help. Recent research indicates that, for bacterial diabetic skin infections of the foot, an antibiotic injected once daily may be as effective as an antibiotic that is injected four times a day. Incision or surgical debridement (removal of unhealthy tissue), typically during an outpatient procedure using a local anesthetic, is sometimes needed. Patients may be referred to a dermatologist, a physician who specializes in skin disorders.

A regular program of skin care will prevent many of the dermatological disorders that vex or threaten people with diabetes. A physician can offer more information about these skin conditions and how to diagnose, treat and avoid them.