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Many types of sneezing are healthy responses that do not require a physician (e.g., an encounter with a cloud of black pepper). However, sneezing that occurs repeatedly over a period of time may be associated with a medical condition that requires treatment. 

A physician can use several methods to accurately diagnose the reason for repeated episodes of sneezing. An examination of the lungs, heart and upper-airway passages can often reveal clues. A history of any breathing problems is also likely to shed light on the nature of the disorder. The physician will develop a detailed medical history and complete a physical examination to diagnose any underlying medical conditions that are the source of the sneezing.

The kinds of issues a physician may inquire about to document sneezing patterns include:

• Seasons that sneezing occurs (if any)
• When the sneezing began
• How long sneezing episodes last
• Any personal or family history of allergies
• Any other symptoms
• The effectiveness of any medications taken to relieve symptoms

If sneezing is the result of an allergy, treating the underlying condition may help to alleviate the sneezing. The first step is identifying the allergen that is triggering the sneezing and other symptoms. Once the allergen is identified, treatment may include avoidance and medications such as antihistamines, nasal steroid sprays and allergy shots.

When sneezing is the result of exposure to an environmental irritant, removing the irritant will alleviate the sneezing. For indoor air quality related sneezing, improving the air will provide relief.

Colds and flu that are accompanied by sneezing may be contagious. Even though sneezing is responsible for far less germ passage than most people think, patients should make sure to cover their nose and mouth while sneezing to avoid contaminating others. Sneezing related to colds and flu is best treated with good nutrition and rest. It will usually go away on its own without medical intervention.