The signs and symptoms associated with a sprain or strain depend on the nature of the injury to the child. In general, the more serious the injury, the greater the pain and swelling is likely to be. A child may hear a pop or tear when the injury occurs, but this does not always happen.

Mild sprains occur when the ligament is stretched or slightly torn. The area may be tender and somewhat painful when moved. Typically, swelling is minimal and the joint is able to bear weight without a problem. A more significant sprain may be indicated by swelling and discoloration due to bleeding in the region. This likely indicates a tear in the fibers of the ligament. The joint may be difficult to move, and pain may be evident. The child may have difficulty putting weight on the joint. Severe sprains occur when a ligament completely ruptures. Significant swelling and discoloration are likely, and it may be impossible to put weight on the joint without feeling great pain.

Mild strains cause pain and stiffness during movement that usually disappears within a few days. A more significant strain involves a muscle tear that causes increased pain and swelling and bruising. Symptoms may last for up to three weeks. A muscle rupture results in a severe strain. Swelling, bruising and pain may be significant, and the muscle may completely cease to function.