Stevens Johnson syndrome (SJS) is an extremely rare disorder characterized by a severe skin reaction to medication, infection or illness.

SJS can affect people of all ages, although it is more common in children and young adults. SJS may be life-threatening and can result in a host of serious complications, such as sepsis (life-threatening blood infection) and permanent blindness. The cause of SJS is unknown, but a variety of medications and bacterial and viral infections have been associated with the disorder.

The onset of SJS is often sudden, with the appearance of multiple skin lesions. The lesions may be painful and can result in blisters and erosion of the skin and mucous membranes, especially the mouth and eyes. In some cases, areas of skin peel off with a gentle touch or pull.

SJS is usually diagnosed during a physical examination, which includes a medical history and a list of medications, particularly those taken in the last days or weeks. In some cases, a biopsy may be performed to rule out other ailments.

SJS is treated by discontinuing any medication that may be causing the reaction. Mild symptoms may be treated with moist compresses and over-the-counter medications, such as analgesics (pain relievers) and antihistamines (a medication that blocks the effects of histamine, a chemical released in body during an allergic reaction). Patients with severe skin erosions may have symptoms similar to people with burns. These patients may be hospitalized and treated in intensive care or burn units. The goal of treatment is to address symptoms and prevent infection.

Stevens Johnson syndrome has been associated with, and sometimes confused with, two other disorders with skin eruptions. Erythema multiforme is a less severe, sometimes recurrent condition. Toxic epidermal necrolysis is considered a more severe form of SJS, with many of the same symptoms.