Stroke is the third-leading cause of death and the leading cause of adult disability in the United States. However, 80 percent of strokes can be prevented by making lifestyle changes and taking proper precautions, according to the National Stroke Association. These include:

• Quitting smoking. Smokers have two times the risk of stroke compared to nonsmokers. People who give up tobacco products immediately lower their risk of stroke. Women who smoke and use oral contraceptives (birth control pills) greatly increase their risk of stroke.
  
  
• Drinking alcohol in moderation. Studies show that drinking a single alcoholic beverage each day may lower the risk of stroke for certain people. However, it is important to remember that excessive alcohol consumption can pose health risks. As a general rule, most experts advise that not drinking at all is the best option.
  
  
• Maintaining a healthy diet. Diets low in sodium and fat help patients lower their blood pressure and the risk of stroke. Good food choices include fruits, vegetables, lean meats (e.g., chicken, fish) and foods rich in fiber.
  
  
• Maintaining optimal body weight. Obesity significantly raises the risk of stroke and heart disease.
  
  
• Taking blood pressure and cholesterol medications regularly. For these medications to be effective, they should be taken exactly as prescribed by a physician.
  
  
• Engaging in regular exercise. Most experts advise adults to exercise for at least 30 minutes five or more days each week. This can include activities such as brisk walks, yard work or bicycle rides.
  
  
• Maintaining control over blood sugar levels. Diabetes is a risk factor for stroke. Patients with diabetes who manage blood sugar levels lower the risk of diabetes-related medical conditions including stroke.
  
  
• Seeking treatment for sleep apnea. This condition, which causes temporary breathing interruptions during sleep, may raise the chance of having a heart attack or stroke.
  
  
• Positively coping with stress. Finding positive methods to cope with stress can lower lifestyle associated risks of stroke. These methods may include physical activity, meditation and talking with friends.