Tattoo removal is a procedure to eliminate designs embedded into the skin with permanent inks or dyes. Tattoos are applied by injecting pigment (ink) deep into the skin’s second layer (dermis). Tattoo ink is injected into the dermis because the skin cells there are more stable than those of the top layer (epidermis), which continually sheds and renews itself throughout a person’s life. Tattoo designs can stay in place with minimal or no fading over time.

Although tattoos are considered permanent, several procedures can be used to safely remove them or greatly diminish their appearance. These include:

• Laser surgery. The most widely used method today because of its less invasive nature. During this procedure, the physician removes the tattoo by treating the affected area with a high-intensity laser beam.
  
  
• Surgical excision. During this procedure, a physician cuts away the area with a scalpel (sharp surgical device) and closes the wound with stitches. Surgical excision works best for small tattoos or those that are too deep for laser treatment.
  
  
• Dermabrasion. During this procedure, the surgeon mechanically removes or "sands down" the surface and middle layers of the tattoo using an abrasive, high-speed rotating brush or wheel.