Diabetes in adolescence once meant type 1 diabetes, formerly known as juvenile diabetes. However, rising rates of obesity have made type 2 diabetes more common among teenagers. An estimated 2.7 million American teens have prediabetes, which often leads to type 2 diabetes. Teens can also develop other forms of diabetes, such as secondary diabetes and maturity-onset diabetes of the young.

Teenage years are often a time of change and turmoil, which can interfere with a patient’s diabetes management plan. As teens try to fit in with peers, they may be less likely to adhere to their treatment regimen. In addition, new challenges may arise – such as alcohol and drug use, smoking, sex and pregnancy, and eating disorders – that can affect diabetes care.

Changes inside the body can also complicate diabetes management for teens. Hormone fluctuations can make it more difficult to control glucose (blood sugar). Girls may experience glucose fluctuations related to their menstrual cycle and may develop conditions such as polycystic ovarian syndrome.

Experts say that parents can play a key role in helping teens to keep their diabetes management routine on track. Parents are encouraged to stay vigilant in watching for any signs of slippage in diabetes care. Teens should also be encouraged to raise any questions or concerns they might have during this time of complex emotional and physical changes.