There are a number of different methods for introducing the growth factors, hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), genes or medication into the body. They include:

The best method of delivery remains a significant issue. For example, when growth factor-carrying genes are introduced into the general circulation, there is the possibility they can stimulate cancer calls to grow because cancer growth relies on the creation of new blood vessels. On the other hand, there is a risk involved with direct injection into the heart muscle. Currently, researchers are working to understand the best delivery methods and dosing schedules for the various forms of therapy. Some researchers believe that optimal therapeutic angiogenesis may rely on several different approaches, including various growth factors delivered through different methods.

In 1999, researchers from Harvard University began to study the effects of implanting 10 microcapsules into the heart wall during bypass surgery to spur the growth of new blood vessels. The microcapsules released growth factor slowly over the next four to six weeks, with promising results. Further research is needed to understand the potential use of microcapsules in therapeutic angiogenesis.