At this point, researchers are guardedly optimistic that therapeutic angiogenesis could be used for bypass candidates for whom surgery alone would not offer enough improvement in blood flow, or in people for whom surgery did not relieve all their symptoms. Some researchers are hoping that therapeutic angiogenesis may one day offer the benefits of a bypass without the open-heart surgery. There is also cause for optimism regarding heart failure and cardiomyopathy. 

However, despite positive developments in the early 1990s, therapeutic angiogenesis remains highly experimental and many techniques that were tested on animals did not translate well into human subjects. Additionally, some concerns have been raised about the use of growth factors in therapeutic angiogenesis. They may:

It is important to note that none of these fears have come to pass in the hundreds of human participants that have tried the treatment so far and it seems like a safe approach so far. All candidates are carefully screened to see if they are vulnerable to any of the above complications.

This is still an experimental procedure and more research still needs to be done. However, therapeutic angiogenesis is showing significant potential as an effective strategy for treating cardiovascular disease without surgery.