Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorder is not a single condition but rather a group of symptoms that often include pain in the jaw's temporomandibular joints, migraines or other headaches, earaches, restricted jaw movement and clicking or popping sounds as the jaw moves. Some patients also experience pain in the eyes, neck, back or shoulders.

TMJ disorder may affect more than 10 million Americans, according to the National Institutes of Health. Experts are uncertain about its exact cause of but think it may result from a variety of factors, such as jaw clenching, trauma, teeth grinding (bruxism), dental procedures, musculoskeletal problems or arthritis in the jaw.

A physician or dentist will perform a physical examination and may obtain a panoramic x-ray. After this initial x-ray, a working diagnosis is made and additional imaging studies may be requested.

Treatment requires proper evaluation from a qualified physician or dentist who can offer options based on the patient’s signs and symptoms. Common treatment options include:

• Resting the jaw
• Heat or cold applied to the tender areas
• Physical therapy and exercises
• Soft diet
• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
• Muscle relaxants
• Bite appliances
• Dental therapy

TMJ disorder is often temporary, and simple treatment methods often relieve discomfort. There is no known way to prevent the condition beyond maintaining good oral hygiene, maintaining good posture and avoiding habits such as nail biting, chewing on pens or pencils or excessive gum chewing.