The single most important method of preventing tooth decay is to reduce the amount of plaque and bacteria in the mouth. Regular brushing at least twice daily and flossing at least once daily is essential in achieving this goal. In addition, patients should have their teeth professionally cleaned in a dentist’s office at least twice a year. People with certain conditions (e.g., diabetes) may require more frequent cleanings. X-rays may be taken during dental visits every year or two to identify potential trouble spots in the early stages.

Patients who avoid sugary and starchy foods, candies and beverages (such as sodas) can prevent large amounts of plaque and bacteria from forming in the first place. In addition, patients who eat fewer snacks between meals will reduce the amount of plaque and bacteria that forms in the mouth. Sugarless chewing gum that contains the ingredient xylitol can help break down acid that forms on the teeth. Brushing after snacks will also help prevent plaque from forming.

Fluoridation can also help prevent tooth decay. In the past several decades, the number of cavities has declined substantially as a result of fluoridation. Many cities add fluoride to their water system, and children in these communities have 29 percent fewer cavities than children in communities without fluoridation, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Regular fluoride treatments at a dentist’s office can also help protect teeth, especially in children.

Finally, dental sealants can be applied to a child’s molars and premolars once they fully erupt into the mouth. Sealants can be applied when the first permanent molars come in between ages 5 and 7, and when the second set comes in between ages 10 and 14. These sealants are a plastic, protective coating that can be applied to the chewing surfaces of back teeth. Sealants provide extra protection from cavity formation. In some cases, they can even arrest the formation of a cavity once it has begun. Some states provide dental sealant programs through schools for low income families. Although sealants are usually applied to children’s teeth, some adults may benefit from the procedure.

Researchers are investigating additional methods to prevent tooth decay, including specifically targeting the bacteria that cause decay, inhibiting the growth of these bacteria and promoting good bacteria to compete with cavity-causing bacteria.