A tracheostomy or tracheotomy is a surgical procedure that creates an opening in the windpipe (trachea) in the neck. It is performed for various medical reasons and may be used to open a hole for breathing if a cancerous tumor blocking the patient’s throat cannot be removed.

Tracheostomies also may be performed after a tumor is removed and swelling of the throat prevents a patient from breathing easily. This indication for tracheostomy is temporary and is designed to provide relief until the swelling subsides and the patient can breathe normally.