Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a technique using small amounts of electricity to relieve pain. This form of electrical therapy is sometimes used to treat conditions including nerve pain, migraines, arthritis, osteoporosis and some forms of back pain, shoulder pain and pelvic pain.

TENS is available in healthcare settings such as physical therapy. Patients are typically instructed in how to perform the treatment at home for acute pain or chronic pain. A small device called a TENS unit delivers electrical pulses through pads placed on the skin to the nerves below. The patient controls the current level, duration of electrical stimulation and the number of treatments, under guidance of a healthcare professional.

Scientists are not certain how TENS works. Many researchers and patients have reported it to be useful in easing pain, but, as with all forms of treatment for pain, it does not help everyone who tries it.

TENS should not be used on certain parts of the neck or without a physician’s approval, especially on pregnant women or people who have medical implants such as pacemakers.