Because scientists do not know the exact cause of type 1 diabetes, there is no known way to prevent the disorder. The strong link to family history and genetics indicates that certain individuals are more prone to developing the disease.

Once an individual has type 1 diabetes, there is no known cure. However, diabetic complications can often be prevented. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) and other studies have shown that keeping blood glucose levels as close to a normal range as possible reduces the risk of developing complications such as diabetic retinopathy.

Patients should avoid obesity because, among other health risks, it can lead to insulin resistance and double diabetes. They should perform regular self-care, including glucose monitoring, foot care and skin care.

Patients are advised to establish with their physician a plan to prevent serious complications of type 1 diabetes and unstable diabetes by promptly treating problems such as hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia and dehydration. For example, a strategy for reversing hypoglycemia may include a glucagon kit. A sick-day plan can help patients cope with infections and illnesses.

To ensure proper treatment, an individual with type 1 diabetes should be carefully monitored by physicians. Endocrinologists specialize in treating diabetes and other endocrine disorders. Patients can also benefit from consulting a certified diabetes educator and a registered dietitian. They should regularly see an ophthalmologist and may also be referred to other specialists, such as a:

• Podiatrist
• Neurologist
• Cardiologist
• Dermatologist
• Nephrologist

Regular dental care is important to reduce the increased diabetic risk of gum disease, tooth decay and other dental problems. Because diabetes increases the risk of sexual dysfunction, women are advised to see a gynecologist and men a urologist or andrologist.