There is currently no way to prevent ulcerative colitis (UC) from occurring. Once it occurs, however, there are methods that may help reduce or prevent a flare-up of UC symptoms.

UC patients should avoid non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and antibiotics since the use of these drugs can exacerbate UC.

Although diet and stress do not cause UC, they may trigger symptoms in some patients. Thus, certain dietary changes and stress management may help prevent the symptoms of UC.

A healthy diet for patients with UC generally includes foods that will not aggravate the digestive tract, such as soft, bland foods that are low in fiber. Adequate amounts of proteins, calories and vitamins should be consumed. Because food tolerances can differ significantly from person to person, patients may want to consult a dietician for help creating a personalized food plan.

Dietary and lifestyle changes that may help prevent the symptoms of UC include:

• Experiment with fiber. Foods high in fiber (e.g., bran, beans, fresh fruits, vegetables) are usually an important part of a balanced diet. Since fiber can worsen symptoms of UC, patients should experiment with the levels of fiber in their diet. For example, some patients may be able to tolerate fresh fruits and vegetables when they are steamed, baked or stewed. High-fiber foods that may be especially problematic for patients with UC include those in the cabbage family (e.g., broccoli, cauliflower) and very crunchy foods (e.g., raw apples and carrots).
  
  
• Avoid problem foods. Any foods that aggravate or cause a flare-up of symptoms in patients with UC should be avoided. This may include spicy foods, popcorn and chocolate.
  
  
• Eat smaller meals. Eating smaller amounts of food throughout the day can aid digestion in patients with UC and help prevent symptoms.
  
  
• Avoid caffeine, alcohol and carbonated drinks. Alcohol and beverages that contain caffeine (e.g., soda, coffee, tea) stimulate digestion, causing diarrhea.
  
  
• Limit dairy products. Patients with UC may also be lactose intolerant, unable to digest the sugar (lactose) found in most dairy products. If so, avoiding these products can help prevent the symptoms of UC.
  
  
• Drink plenty of fluids. Drinking plenty of water throughout the day can help a patient with UC remain hydrated and may lessen the severity of UC symptoms.
  
  
• Use supplements. Multivitamins can help maintain a healthy nutritional balance for patients with UC who may suffer from diet restrictions and malabsorption problems. Because even natural herbs may interfere with current medications, it is recommended that patients consult their physician before beginning to use any type of supplement.

Stress may aggravate the symptoms of UC, since it disrupts normal digestion. Stress may speed up or slow down the movement of stool through the digestive tract. It can also further irritate intestinal tissue, leading to a worsening of symptoms in patients with UC. Relieving stress through exercise or meditation (e.g., yoga, tai chi) can help reduce symptoms.