There are several methods for reducing the chance of developing a urinary tract infection (UTI). Some studies have shown that male circumcision may reduce the risk of acquiring a UTI during infancy. Other methods include:

• Wipe from front to back after bowel movements or when changing diapers. This prevents transmission of fecal bacteria to the opening of the urethra.
  
  
• Urinate frequently (every three to four hours) and as soon as the urge occurs. Bacteria can form when urine remains in the bladder for extended periods.
  
  
• Drink six to eight glasses of water each day to flush out bacteria.
  
  
• Avoid excess moisture in the genital area by wearing underwear with a cotton crotch or clothing that fits loosely around the crotch. This helps ensure the area remains dry. Also, immediately change out of wet clothing, such as exercise clothes or swimsuits. Excess moisture can promote the growth of bacteria.
  
  
• Drink cranberry juice. According to studies, a component in cranberries appears to prevent bacteria from adhering to the lining of the bladder, which may help prevent UTIs. However, this has not been scientifically proven. Cranberry juice does not effectively treat people already diagnosed with UTIs. Cranberry juice extract may be available in capsule form, although it may contain less of the cranberry component than  cranberry juice.
  
  
• Wash the genital area daily with soap and water.
  
  
• Avoid chemicals that can irritate the urethra and lead to infection, such as those found in strong soaps or feminine products such as deodorant sprays, powders or douches.
  
  
• Do not sit in a bath or hot tub for extended periods of time.

Sexually active people can take additional preventive measures, such as:

• Wash hands and genital area with soap and water before and after sexual activity.
  
  
• Urinate after sexual activity.  This helps to eliminate bacteria that may have entered the urethra.
  
  
• Choose birth control methods carefully. Use of a diaphragm has been linked to an increased risk of UTIs. Women who frequently experience UTIs may way to use other methods of birth control.
  
  
• Avoid unprotected anal intercourse. The rectum normally contains large amounts of bacteria, including some that may cause UTIs. These bacteria may be introduced to the urinary tract during anal intercourse. Bacteria that can cause UTIs may also be transmitted to women if unprotected anal intercourse is followed by vaginal intercourse. Anal intercourse should always include condoms and water-based lubricants.

Certain precautions may help prevent UTIs in patients who require urinary catheters. It is important that the catheters have closed and sterile drainage systems. Special care should be taken when inserting or handling the catheter to prevent infection. Preventive antibiotics may be recommended in some cases, although it is generally not advised due to the risk of developing antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

Although not scientifically proven, some studies indicate that eating yogurt with active cultures of lactobacilli can help maintain healthy levels of beneficial bacteria in the vagina. This may also help prevent the risk of bacteria entering the urinary tract and causing a UTI.

Scientists supported by the National Institutes of Health are working to develop a vaccine to help prevent urinary tract infections. Researchers are testing injected and oral vaccines that may increase the strength of the body’s infection-fighting cells. A vaccine in the form of a suppository to be inserted into the vagina is also being considered.