There are many different types of urine tests, including:

• Home pregnancy tests. These tests search for the presence of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) in the urine. They can usually detect pregnancy about two weeks after conception. For the most reliable results, a woman should not take a home pregnancy test until seven to 10 days after she has missed her period. Urine tests can detect HCG levels above 25 to 50 milli-international units per milliliter (mIU/mL). There are three types of home pregnancy tests:
  
• • Dipstick test. The woman places the end of the dipstick in her urine stream during urination or immerses the dipstick in a container of collected urine for five to 10 seconds.
    
    
  • Collection cup test. A sample of urine is collected midstream in a cup.
    
    
  • Chemical mixing test. A small amount of urine is placed in a test tube with a liquid or powder chemical mixture.
    
    
  Blood tests that are conducted in a physician’s office or clinic can also be used to diagnose pregnancy. Obstetrician-Gynecologists (ObGyns) typically perform a blood test to confirm an at-home urine pregnancy test.
  
  
• Ovulation predictor test. This urine test analyzes the level of luteinizing hormone (LH) to determine the time of ovulation in women. It also may be used by physicians to monitor and adjust the dose of certain medications. There are several types of home ovulation predictor tests on the market.
  
  
• Menopause test. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved a home urine test kit that measures follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in a woman’s urine. This may help indicate if the woman is in menopause or perimenopause (the period leading up to menopause).
  
  
• Nitrite test. Nitrite is normally not detectable in the urine. Nitrite is formed when bacteria changes nitrate in the urine into nitrite. The presence of nitrite in the urine (nitrituria) is often a sign of a urinary tract infection.
  
  
• Urine cytology. Examination of the cells can reveal blood in the urine, hormones and other substances that may indicate cancer of the urinary tract. Cytology can also be used to detect tumor markers, substances released in the urine, blood or body tissues in response to cancer cells. Research continues to examine which cancers can be detected and monitored with tumor markers found in the urine.
  
  
• White blood cell test. Checks urine for the presence of white blood cells. The main infection-fighting cells in the body, white blood cells are not normally detectable in the urine. The presence of white blood cells in the urine may indicate a urinary tract infection. 
  
  
• Drug testing. Urine samples may be collected and tested for a variety of illegal and prescription drugs. There are a number of home urine testing kits available to detect the presence of recreational drugs (e.g., marijuana, cocaine, amphetamines). Home test results may require laboratory verification for accurate results.