The vagina is a natural pathway that leads from the uterus to the outside of a female’s body. Fluids from glands in the cervix (opening that leads to the uterus) lubricate the vagina. The Bartholin glands found near the opening of the vagina also produce fluids. All these fluids help keep the vagina clean and help keep infection out of the body. They also provide lubrication for sexual intercourse.

The vagina contains a balanced, slightly acidic combination of certain bacteria, mucus, yeast and other organisms. This combination is called the vaginal flora. Change in any component of the vaginal flora affects the natural balance and may affect vaginal discharge. The environment outside a woman’s body may also affect the vagina. The vagina needs some air circulation to keep its flora moist and in balance.

Vaginal discharge is normally clear to milky white in color and has no bad odor. For women in their reproductive years, vaginal discharge varies according to the hormones in their menstrual cycle. During menstruation, the vagina serves as a pathway for menstrual blood to leave the body. Two weeks after menstruation, at ovulation, hormonal changes make vaginal discharge thicker and more slippery. Sexual excitement also increases vaginal discharge, as can other hormonal changes.

For a healthy woman, the body produces a vaginal discharge that cleans, protects and lubricates. Some variations are normal. Sudden changes in vaginal discharge may indicate a reaction to medication or the environment, which may not require medical attention. Other changes in discharge may signal disease or other conditions that require medical or hygienic attention.

Vaginal discharge is normal for young girls shortly before their first menstrual period (menarche). Any vaginal discharge in a younger girl may be a sign of a medical condition or sexual abuse and requires immediate medical attention.