• Past heart attack that scarred one or both ventricles

  • Congenital heart disease (heart disorders that are present since birth), such as tetralogy of Fallot or long QT syndrome

  • Dilated cardiomyopathy or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

  • Myocarditis

  • Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD)

  • Past episode of cardiac arrest (aborted sudden cardiac death)

  • Low potassium level (hypokalemia)

  • Medications that treat other types of arrhythmias

  • Some over-the-counter preparations, particularly diet pills containing ephedra.