X–ray tests are performed by most physicians and dentists for a variety of conditions and diseases. Depending on the procedure, the patient will sit, stand or lie down between the x–ray machine and x–ray film. Pillows or soft weights may be used to hold the patient in position if necessary. Momentary compression of the body area being examined is occasionally needed for some x–ray tests.  

The x–ray machine is then pointed at the area being examined. While exposed to x–rays, the patient may be encouraged to hold their breath to help remain still. Movement during an x–ray test can cause images to blur on film. Multiple x–rays may be taken from different angles if necessary. In the case of dental x–rays, a small piece of film is usually placed in the mouth behind the teeth being tested. The patient bites down on attached paper to hold the film in place before the x–ray is taken.

X–ray tests can be as short as a few seconds (e.g., dental x–rays) or minutes (e.g., bone x–ray), or take as long as an hour in cases where a contrast medium has been administered (e.g., barium enema). Occasional swelling, pain or redness may be experienced at the injection site if a contrast medium is administered this way.

The x–ray film is usually developed within a few minutes. A physician who specializes in interpreting x–rays (radiologist) may first view the results before they are explained to the patient.  Additional x–rays may be taken from different angles if necessary.

Patients can resume normal activities immediately following the x–ray(s). The radiologist or the patient’s physician will interpret the findings and review them with the patient either that same day or at a follow–up visit. Additional tests (e.g., MRI, radionuclide imaging, arthroscopy) may be necessary if the x–rays do not provide enough information on the tissues or structures being studied) may be necessary if the x–rays do not provide enough information on the tissues or structures being studied.