Several factors can promote the overgrowth of Candida albicans in the vagina, the most common cause of yeast infection. For instance, yeast infections are very common among pregnant women because the hormonal changes associated with pregnancy may increase the amount of sugar in the vaginal secretions. This, in turn, provides nourishment to the yeast.

Similarly, women with uncontrolled diabetes have an increased risk of developing yeast infections because elevated blood sugar levels impair immune function. When blood sugar levels rise, body secretions contain increased amounts of sugar. In addition, body tissues stop functioning properly. Therefore, normal bodily defenses against intrusion by yeast and other outside substances are diminished.

Women may also develop yeast infections just before they get their menstrual periods. This is due to the hormonal changes in the body that accompany menstruation.

Certain medications can increase the risk of developing a yeast infection. Oral contraceptives, hormone therapy and corticosteroids can alter the hormone balance in women and increase the growth of yeast. Antibiotics are also considered a risk factor for yeast infections. Antibiotics can kill the “good” bacteria that live in the body, which normally keep the Candida in the vagina in check. When it is destroyed, this balance is disturbed and Candida can grow and cause a yeast infection. A common progression occurs when a woman takes antibiotics to treat a urinary tract infection and then develops a yeast infection. 

Tight fitting clothing, especially undergarments, and synthetic materials can also increase yeast infections. These items can trap heat and moisture and create an optimal environment for the growth of Candida. Damp or wet clothing may contribute to the growth of organisms as well.

Research has indicated that the use of irritating soaps, deodorants, douches and sprays may contribute to yeast infections. The products can change the alkaline levels in the genital area and promote yeast growth. The use of scented tampons, sanitary pads or panty liners also may be a risk factor. These items can trap moisture in the genital area and promote bacteria growth.

Other risk factors for yeast infections include:

• Weakened immune system
• Excessive alcohol use
• Hot tubs and saunas
• Stress from poor diet, lack of sleep or illness